Advanced Search

Advanced searching of the Biodiversity Economics library or the Spider follows standard search techniques.

Help on entering search terms:

• Enter a list of words to find pages that contain all of those words:
e.g. forests Africa taxation will find pages containing all three words.
Note, this is the same as adding the special term and between words:
i.e. forests and Africa and taxation will find the same pages.

• Enter a list of words separated by the special term or to find pages the contain at least one of those words:
e.g. certification or labelling will find pages containing either or both of the two words.

• 'Word stemming' is applied to find common variants of the word as well as the word itself:
e.g. fish will find pages containing the word fish and common variants such as fishing, fisheries etc.

• More general than stemming, you can use the asterix (*) to find words beginning in a certain way or containing a certain word:
e.g. finan* would find pages containing any word beginning with finan such as financial, finance, etc.

• Add double quotes around a sequence of words to find a particular phrase:
e.g. "tradable permits" will find pages containing the phrase tradable permits but not pages where the words tradable and permits appear separately.

• To find pages that do not include certain words/phrases, precede each one with the special term not:
e.g. valuation not "contingent valuation" will find pages containing the word valuation but not those where it only appears in the phrase contingent valuation.